Vaccination coverage and program in Nigeria has continued to suffer setback in spite of various interventions. Vaccine hesitancy defined as a delay in the acceptance or refusal of vaccines despite the availability of vaccination services may be a cause of the poor trend in childhood immunization observed in Nigeria. The reasons why individuals hesitate or choose not to vaccinate vary across cultures and contexts. There is a need to develop context-specific strategies generated from local research to reduce vaccine hesitancy and improve vaccination uptake in the country.

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Background: Cervical cancer screening is known to be highly effective in reducing the incidence, morbidity, and mortality associated with cervical cancer. However, the provision and availability of these screening services have not resulted into increased uptake of cervical cancer screening in many developing countries due to the interplay of several factors which influence women's decision to undergo or not to undergo cervical cancer screening. Objective: The objective was to assess the factors that serve as barriers and motivators for cervical cancer screening among urban women in Lagos, Nigeria. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study conducted among women attending an urban General Hospital in Lagos, Nigeria, using a structured questionnaire to assess their barriers and motivators for cervical cancer screening. Results: Awareness and uptake of cervical cancer screening were low among women, accounting for 41.4% and 18.4%, respectively. The major factors motivating women to undergo cervical cancer screening were recommendation by doctor/nurse (53.3%), advice from friends/relatives (21.7%), and enlightenment by the media (20.7%). The major barriers to the uptake of cervical cancer screening were lack of awareness of screening methods (64.2%), lack of adequate information on screening methods (43.4%), and non-recommendation by doctors (41.4%). Conclusion: The uptake of cervical cancer screening is low among urban women in Lagos, Nigeria. The lack of awareness and adequate information on cervical cancer and its screening methods were the major barriers to the uptake of cervical cancer screening, while recommendation by doctors/nurses and advice from friends and relatives were the major motivators for cervical cancer screening.

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Background: The NICE oral cancer referral guidelines (NICE OCRG) are yet to be adopted in Nigeria. The level of awareness, knowledge, and attitude among general dental practitioners (GDPs) in Nigeria toward NICE OCRG is evaluated. Materials and Methods: A self-administered questionnaire was used to collect information from GDPs in Edo state on the awareness, knowledge, and attitude toward the NICE OCRG. A total of 83 respondents participated in the study. Data collected were analyzed and presented in descriptive and tabular forms as numbers and percentages. The study was analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 21 (IBM, USA). Results: The male-to-female ratio was 1.4:1.0. The mean age was 33.3 ± 5.30 years, with age range from 21 to 50 years. Nearly 63.9% of the respondents were found to have heard of the NICE OCRG, of which 43.4% had their source from the Internet. Most of the respondents (n = 43, 51.8%) had fair knowledge of OCRG followed by those with good knowledge (n = 25, 30.1%) and those with poor knowledge of OCRG (n = 15, 18.1%). Overall 55.4% of the respondents agreed that the NICE OCRG will help reduce diagnostic delay and false-positive referral of oral cancers if adopted in Nigeria. Furthermore, 77.1% of the respondents were willing to implement the NICE OCRG if adopted in Nigeria. Conclusion: The awareness and knowledge of the NICE OCRG among GDPs in Nigeria is encouraging, and most of them had favorable attitude toward the NICE OCRG. There is a clear need to adopt the NICE OCRG in Nigeria to reduce diagnostic delay and false-positive referral of oral cancers.

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Context: Regular blood donations can engender iron depletion and its complications; reducing the prevalence of iron depletion among blood donors is a key strategy for optimizing donors' health. However, the factors impacting on iron deficiency among blood donors are not yet well characterized in our environment. Aim: The aim of this study is to determine predonation iron status and hematological profile among blood donors. Settings and Design: We conducted a comparative cross-sectional study of eligible blood donors at Lagos University Teaching Hospital. Consenting participants were consecutively recruited. Materials and Methods: Sociodemographic data were collected using an interviewer-administered questionnaire. Blood samples for estimation of ferritin, serum iron, total iron-binding capacity, and complete blood count were collected. Statistical Analysis Used: Statistical analysis was conducted using Stata version 14 software. Results: About three-fourths of the participants (n = 234, 74.8%) were first-time donors and one-fourth (n = 79, 25.2%) were frequent donors. Overall, 16 (5.1%) of the blood donors had depleted iron stores. There was a significant difference in the prevalence of iron depletion between first-time and regular donors (P < 0.01). Multivariable analysis showed that the odds of iron deficiency decreased by 58% for every g/dl increase in hemoglobin levels (odds ratio = 0.42, 95% confidence interval: 0.24–0.73, P = 0.002). Smokers had about 14-fold odds of having iron deficiency as compared to nonsmokers. Conclusion: Although current donation strategies to mitigate donation-related iron loss have resulted in a significant decline in the prevalence of iron deficiency in frequent blood donors, we are still a long way from keeping our iron-replete blood donors.

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Objectives: It is uncertain anthropometric measurements are affected by the type of job an individual is doing in an environment. Therefore, this study was designed to assess the baseline anthropometric measurements with relation to obesity of people working at a motor park in Sagamu. Design: This is a cross-sectional study of 139 individuals working in the motor park of Isale-Oko, Sagamu, aged 20–70 years. Passengers were exempted. The weight in kg and height in meters of each participant were measured. The waist circumference (cm) (WC), hip circumference (cm) (HC), and thigh circumference (cm) of each participant were measured using a flexible tape. The waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) was calculated. The body mass indexes (BMI) (kg/m²) and the waist-to-thigh ratio were calculated. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistic and ANOVA. Results: The occupational distributions include the drivers, conductors, traders, and garage staff. Young participants contribute to 60.4% of the study populations. There were 64.3% young participants among the conductors, 63.2% of the drivers, 64.8% of the traders, and 40% of the garage staff. The mean BMI of the drivers showed that they tend to be obese (30.85 ± 0.66 kg/m²). Conductors tend to be overweight with BMI of 26.57 ± 0.60 kg/m². The WC of drivers was significantly highest among the occupational groups 98.82 ± 1.75 cm, while the conductors had the least WC 94.38 ± 2.87 cm. The traders had the highest HC 106.31 ± 1.88 cm. The drivers and conductors had the highest WHR of 0.96 ± 0.03 and 0.92 ± 0.01, respectively. Conclusions: The anthropometric parameter measurements of individual participants obtained from this study can be used as baseline for the future study. The high BMI and WC in drivers and high HC in traders increase the risk of developing diabetes mellitus.

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